The diesel generator set exhaust gas should be colorless or light gray. If the smoke color is incorrect, the diesel generator set may be faulty. The white smoke of the generator set is because the exhaust gas contains diesel steam or water vapor. By observing the smoke color of the exhaust gas, it can help to judge the fault location of the diesel generator set, so as to achieve the purpose of timely troubleshooting.
Only by maintaining good working conditions can the diesel generator set prolong its service life: at the same time, the full combustion of fuel not only saves fuel, and improves the economy, but also reduces air pollution.
1. Causes of white smoke. There are many reasons for white smoke from diesel generators, mainly in the following aspects.
1) The temperature of the diesel generator is too low. Part of the diesel oil is not burned to become oil vapor, which emits white smoke from the exhaust pipe with the exhaust gas.
2) There is water in the oil supply system. There is moisture in the fuel or in the combustion chamber, which is not heated in the cylinder by the heat released by drying and becomes water vapor, which is discharged from the exhaust pipe to form white smoke.
3) The fuel injection time is too late. Due to the late fuel injection time, the temperature of the cylinder has dropped during the fuel injection, and part of the unburned diesel oil turns into oil vapor, which is discharged from the cylinder and causes white smoke from the exhaust.
4) The atomization of the fuel injector is poor. Poor atomization leads to unburned diesel oil, and high-temperature exhaust gas discharged from normal working cylinders is collected in the exhaust pipe, resulting in white smoke.
5) The cylinder compression pressure is too low. Due to severe wear of piston rings and cylinder liners, the compression pressure and temperature of the cylinder are too low, and part of the diesel oil is turned into oil vapor after combustion, so white smoke is emitted from the exhaust.
2. Fault diagnosis and troubleshooting
1) When the cold machine is just started in winter, a large amount of white smoke is emitted from the exhaust of the diesel generator set. However, after a period of operation, the white smoke gradually disappears as the temperature of the diesel generator rises, and then returns to normal, which means that the temperature of the diesel generator is too low, and there is no need to eliminate it.
2) The diesel generator is weak and emits white smoke. You can put your hand close to the exhaust pipe. When the white smoke passes by and there are water droplets on your hand, it means that water has entered the cylinder. When it is firewood, you can use the single-cylinder oil cut-off method to find the leaking cylinder. If the speed of the diesel generator is affected when the oil is cut off for a single cylinder, it means that the cylinder is working well, otherwise it means that the cylinder is not working, and the fuel injector should be removed to check whether there is water on the injection hole;
If water is found, check the cause of the water intake to find out whether the cylinder is broken or the cylinder head gasket is damaged;
If the conditions of each cylinder are the same, but still work weakly and emit white smoke, you should check whether there is water in the diesel oil. At this time, you can open the drain plugs of the fuel tank and fuel filter to check whether there is water in the fuel.
3) When the diesel generator emits white smoke, the working temperature of the diesel generator can be increased. If the exhaust smoke color changes from white smoke to black smoke when the water temperature is about 70 degrees, it can be judged that the injector is poorly atomized and dripping oil. Use the cylinder-by-cylinder fuel cut-off method to find out the faulty fuel injector, and then check the fuel injector;
If there is oil dripping during fuel injection, it should be further checked whether it is caused by too low pressure or excessive deformation or wear of the needle valve body, so as to improve it.
4) When the diesel generator is just started, due to the low temperature, part of the diesel oil will be volatilized into steam and discharged without burning. Check the tightness of the valve closing, the phase of the valve distribution valve, whether the gasket of the cylinder gasket or the injector seat hole is leaking, whether the cylinder wear is too large, whether the piston ring is stuck or whether the opening is overlapped, etc., and then solve the symptoms.
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5) When the diesel generator is running at high speed, the speed is uneven, the acceleration is not sensitive, the temperature is too high, the work is weak, and the exhaust emits gray-white smoke. This means that the fuel injection time is too late, you should check and adjust the fastening of the connecting plate fixing screws and the condition of the key and keyway, and gradually advance the fuel injection time to eliminate the white smoke and the diesel generator to run normally;
If there is still no improvement after adjustment, check whether the timing adjustment screws of the plungers of each cylinder of the fuel injection pump are out of adjustment, and take measures.